Mockito - Exception Handling

Mockito provides the capability to a mock object to throw exceptions, so exception handling can be tested. 

Take a look at the following code snippet.

//add the behavior to throw exception

doThrow(new Runtime Exception("divide operation not implemented"))
   .when(calcService).add(10.0,20.0);

Here we've added an exception clause to a mock object. MathApplication makes use of calcService and uses it's add method and then mock object throws a RuntimeException whenever calcService.add() method is invoked.

Example :-

Step 1 − Create an interface called CalculatorService to provide mathematical functions

File: CalculatorService.java

public interface CalculatorService {
   public double add(double input1, double input2);
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2);
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2);
   public double divide(double input1, double input2);
}

Step 2 − Create a JAVA class to represent MathApplication

File: MathApplication.java

public class MathApplication {
   private CalculatorService calcService;
   public void setCalculatorService(CalculatorService calcService){
      this.calcService = calcService;
   }
   
   public double add(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.add(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.subtract(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.multiply(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double divide(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.divide(input1, input2);
   }
}

Step 3 − Test the MathApplication class

Let's test the MathApplication class, by injecting in it a mock of calculatorService.

File: MathApplicationTester.java

import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

// @RunWith attaches a runner with the test class to initialize the test data
@RunWith(MockitoRunner.class)
public class MathApplicationTester {

   // @TestSubject annotation is used to identify class 
      which is going to use the mock object
   @TestSubject
   MathApplication mathApplication = new MathApplication();

   //@Mock annotation is used to create the mock object to be injected
   @Mock
   CalculatorService calcService;

   @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
   public void testAdd(){

      //add the behavior to throw exception
      doThrow(new RuntimeException("Add operation not implemented"))
         .when(calcService).add(10.0,20.0);

      //test the add functionality
      Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(10.0, 20.0),30.0,0); 
   }
}

Step 4 − Execute test cases

Create a java class file named TestRunner in C:\> Mockito_WORKSPACE to execute Test case(s).

File: TestRunner.java

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;

public class TestRunner {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(MathApplicationTester.class);
      
      for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
         System.out.println(failure.toString());
      }
      
      System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
   }
} 

Step 5 − Verify the Result

Compile the classes using javac compiler as follows −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>javac CalculatorService.java MathApplication.

   java MathApplicationTester.java TestRunner.java

Now run the Test Runner to see the result −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>java TestRunner

Verify the output.

testAdd(MathApplicationTester): Add operation not implemented

false